MOLE CONCEPT

       MOLE CONCEPT

                     Why mole concept? this is important to know as no fun would be there to learn without knowing the purpose of learning. ok..

                 you all know what a reaction is.. it is the change of reactants to products.For a reaction to be complete all the reactants that was taken should be converted to products. This literally means none of the reactants should remain after the reaction.This happens only if we take the reactant molecules in a definite ratio. eg 

      1.    H2 + Cl2      gives   2HCl

                                                   here if we take 1 molecule each of hydrogen and chlorine we will get the reaction complete..this is also possible if we take molecules in 1:1 ratio.
                          2.    N2 + 3H2      gives  2NH3
                                                    here if we take 1 molecule of nitrogen and 3 molecules of hydrogen we will get the raction complete..this is also possible if we take the molecules in the ratio 1:3
                                            In daily life we cannot count these molecules as they are extremely small..WHAT WE DO is find a relationship between the number of atoms and its mass.The concept used for this is known as mole concept../                                

                                                              The mole concept is an important topic in chemistry but not fully understood by most of the chemistry learner’s these days..  We can start the discussion of the term by quoting the law behind it which is Avagadro’s law.. The law states that every gas in same temperature,pressure and volume will contain equal numbr of particles.. By further investigation in the law it was proved that every element taken by weight equal to its gram molar mass will contain an amount of 6.022*10^23 number of atoms of the element.. There comes the use of the unit “mole” which refers to 6.022*10^23 number of particles..

                                        Now that we know how much a mole is lets see how we can use it on different quantity of substances.. By nw its normal tht  u should have asked urself that how can 1 gram of H2 and 12 gram of C12 have 1 mole even.. Now that is because by mentioning mole we are only talking about the number of particles of the substance(IT’S A NUMBER!!) . 
                                                             
                                                        Imagine you have 2 tennis balls each weighing 10g and 2 footballs each weighing 100g ( no kidding you have to imagine this in your mind. take a minute or two). So this means 2 tennis ball weights 20 grams in total and 2 footballs weights 200 grams in total.          
                                                          And now comes the fun part i am just going to reverse the sentence.So 20 grams of tennis balls and 200 grams of football will contain 2 of them respectively each(get it!!).. now same concept is applied to atoms.

                                       We can use the mole concept to find mass of an atom/molecule/compound from its molar mass.. For example; find the mass of a carbon atom: we know 12 gram of carbon contains 6.022*10^23  number of carbon atoms .. Therefore 1 atom will weight 12/6.022*10^23 ..

                                  We can also use the mole concept to determine the number of particles in a given sample.. It should also be said that at standard temperature and pressure (STP) 1 mole of every substance will have a volume of 22.4 L…..                

                              

SURYA NAMASKAR..

                                                      ·         Surya Namaskara, like most asanas, is recommended to be performed on an empty stomach. Therefore some recommend a gap of at least two hours after eating and before performing the namaskara. It is generally practiced in the morning before breakfast or in evening.

·         Shavasana is practiced at the end of practice for rest.

·         Pranayama is synchronized with asanas.

·         Mantras can be pronounced at the start of each Surya namaskara.Bījas (seeds) or the 12 mantras specific to each asana can also be chanted while performing each asana. The 12 specific mantras, though, repeated mentally instead.

·         Chakras are points-of-focus, when performing asanas.

·         There are a total of 8 different asanas in the sequence of the 12 asana changes of Surya namaskara. Some asanas are repeated twice in the same cycle of a Surya Namaskara.

·         In a traditional Hindu context, Surya Namaskara is performed facing in the direction of the rising (east) or setting (west) sun.

·         According to the scriptures one who performs the Surya Namaskaras daily does not get poor in a thousand births.

·         There are 5 ways in which breathing should be done during Surya Namaskar.

The following lists Surya Namasakar A. Other variations including Surya Namasakar B exist.

Series
Step	Asana	Breath		Chakra	Position	mantra
						Sanskrit	Transliteration
1	Pranamasana	exhale		Anahata	Heart	ॐ ह्रां	om hrāṁ
2	Hasta Uttanasana	inhale		Vishuddhi	Throat	ॐ ह्रीं	om hrīṁ
3	Hastapaadasana	exhale		Swadhisthana	Sacrum	ॐ ह्रूं	om hrūṁ
4	Aekpaadprasarnaasana (one foot back, lift head, hands often on earth )	inhale		Ajna	Third eye	ॐ ह्रैं	om hraiṁ
5	Adho Mukha Svanasana /parvatasana	exhale		Vishuddhi	Throat	ॐ ह्रौं	om hrauṁ
6	Ashtanga Namaskara	suspend		Manipura	Solar plexus	ॐ ह्रः	om hraḥ
7	Bhujangasana	inhale		Swadhisthana	Sacrum	ॐ ह्रां	om hrāṁ
8	Adho Mukha Svanasana	exhale		Vishuddhi	Throat	ॐ ह्रीं	om hrīṁ
9	Ashwa Sanchalanasana(opposite foot forward from 4, hands often on earth )	inhale		Ajna	Third eye	ॐ ह्रूं	om hrūṁ
10	Uttanasana	exhale		Swadhisthana	Sacrum	ॐ ह्रैं	om hraiṁ
11	Hasta Uttanasana	inhale		Vishuddhi	Throat	ॐ ह्रौं	om hrauṁ
12	Pranamasana	exhale		Anahata	Heart	ॐ ह्रः	om hraḥ

Mantras

12 Surya Namasakras are practised per cycle.

In the table, the following first 12 mantras corresponds to the 12 asanas in Surya Namasakara and can also be chanted or repeated mentally during the performance of each corresponding asana. They can also be pronounced at Pranamasana.

Salutation	Sanskrit	Transliteration
1	ॐ मित्राय नमः	om mitrāya namaḥ
2	ॐ रवये नमः	om ravaye namaḥ
3	ॐ सूर्याय नमः	om sūryāya namaḥ
4	ॐ भानवे नमः	om bhānave namaḥ
5	ॐ खगाय नमः	om khagāya namaḥ
6	ॐ पूष्णे नमः	om pūṣṇe namaḥ
7	ॐ हिरण्यगर्भाय नमः	om hiraṇya garbhāya namaḥ
8	ॐ मरीचये नमः	om marīcaye namaḥ
9	ॐ आदित्याय नमः	om ādityāya namaḥ
10	ॐ सवित्रे नमः	om savitre namaḥ
11	ॐ अर्काय नमः	om arkāya namaḥ
12	ॐ भास्कराय नमः	om bhāskarāya namaḥ
13	ॐ श्रीसवितृसूर्यनारायणाय नमः	om śrīsavitṛsūryanārāyaṇāya namaḥ

The following mantra is pronounced at the beginning of a Surya Namaskara cycle:

ॐ ध्येयः सदा सवित्र मण्डल मध्यवर्ती नारायण सरसिजा सनसन्नि विष्टः

केयूरवान मकरकुण्डलवान किरीटी हारी हिरण्मय वपुर धृतशंख चक्रः
om dhyeyaḥ sadā savitra maṇḍala madhyavartī nārāyaṇa sarasijā sanasanni viṣṭaḥ

keyūravāna makarakuṇḍalavāna kirīṭī hārī hiraṇmaya vapura dhṛtaśaṁkha cakraḥ

The following mantra is pronounced at the end of a Surya Namaskara cycle:

आदित्यस्य नमस्कारन् ये कुर्वन्ति दिने दिने
आयुः प्रज्ञा बलम् वीर्यम् तेजस्तेशान् च जायते

ādityasya namaskāran ye kurvanti dine dine
āyuḥ prajñā balam vīryam tejasteśān ca jāyate
For those who salute the sun every day,

life expectancy, conscious, strength, courage and vital power shall grow.