Ultimate Cricket Montage 2013 HD 1080p

pH of a solution...

            


                                                                            
                                                                  In chemistry, pH  is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. Pure water has a pH very close to 7.


                                                                   The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. Primary pH standard values are determined using a concentration cell with transference, by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode such as the silver chloride electrode. Measurement of pH for aqueous solutions can be done with a glass electrode and a pH meter, or using indicators.
pH measurements are important in medicine, biology, chemistry, agriculture, forestry, food science, environmental science, oceanography, civil engineering, chemical engineering, nutrition, water treatment & water purification, and many other applications.


                                                                    Mathematically, pH is the negative logarithm of the activity of the (solvated) hydronium ion, more often expressed as the measure of the hydronium ion concentration.






                                                                       

                               DEFINITION ND MEASUREMENT..

                                       

                                                                 

                                                        pH is defined as the decimal logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion activity, a_H+, in a solution.

pH=-log(aH+)=log(1/aH+)

This definition was adopted because ion-selective electrodes, which are used to measure pH, respond to activity. Ideally, electrode potential, E, follows the Nernst equation, which, for the hydrogen ion can be written as

E=E0  + R T ln(aH+)/F =E0  - 2.303 R T pH/F

where E is a measured potential, E⁰ is the standard electrode potential, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in kelvin, F is the Faraday constant. For H⁺ number of electrons transferred is one. It follows that electrode potential is proportional to pH when pH is defined in terms of activity. Precise measurement of pH is presented in International Standard ISO 31-8 as follows:A galvanic cell is set up to measure the electromotive force (e.m.f.) between a reference electrode and an electrode sensitive to the hydrogen ion activity when they are both immersed in the same aqueous solution. The reference electrode may be a silver chloride electrode or a calomel electrode. The hydrogen-ion selective electrode is a standard hydrogen electrode.......

                                               pH INDICATORS

                                                                   Indicators may be used to measure pH, by making use of the fact that their color changes with pH. Visual comparison of the color of a test solution with a standard color chart provides a means to measure pH accurate to the nearest whole number. More precise measurements are possible if the color is measured spectrophotometrically, using a colorimeter/spectrophotometer. Universal indicator consists of a mixture of indicators such that there is a continuous color change from about pH 2 to pH 10. Universal indicator paper is made from absorbent paper that has been impregnated with universal indicator

Universal indicator components

Indicator	Low pH color	Transition pH range	High pH color
Thymol blue (first transition)	Red	1.2 – 2.8	Yellow
Methyl red	Red	4.4 – 6.2	Yellow
Bromothymol blue	Yellow	6.0 – 7.6	Blue
Thymol blue (second transition)	Yellow	8.0 – 9.6	Blue
Phenolphthalein	Colorless	8.3 – 10.0	Fuchsia

                                              pH in living systems

                                    

Compartment	pH
Gastric acid	1
Lysosomes	4.5
Granules of chromaffin cells	5.5
Human skin	5.5
Urine	6.0
Pure H2O at 37 °C	6.81
Cytosol	7.2
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)	7.5
Blood	7.34–7.45
Mitochondrial matrix	7.5
Pancreas secretions	8.1

                                                

                                                                    The pH of different cellular compartments, body fluids, and organs is usually tightly regulated in a process called acid-base homeostasis. The most common disorder in acid-base homeostasis is acidosis, which means an acid overload in the body, generally defined by pH falling below 7.35. Alkalosis is the opposite condition, with blood pH being excessively high.
The pH of blood is usually slightly basic with a value of pH 7.365. This value is often referred to as physiological pH in biology and medicine. Plaque can create a local acidic environment that can result in tooth decay by demineralization. Enzymes and other proteins have an optimum pH range and can become inactivated or denatured outside this range

AMMONIA FOUNTAIN EXPERIMENT

                                                                         The ammonia fountain is a type of chemical demonstration. The experiment consists of introducing water through an inlet to a container filled with ammonia gas. Ammonia dissolves into the water and the pressure in the container drops. As a result more water is forced into the container from another inlet creating a fountain effect. The demonstration introduces concepts like solubility and the gas laws at entry level.....

LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS...

                                                                     these are the five laws which are said to be governing chemical reactions..........................................

                                                                      1,law of conservation of mass; mass can neither be created nor be destroyed..(lovosiere)

                                                                      2,law of definite combination;2 elements always combine in the same proportion by mass to form a same compound...(joseph prost)

                                                                   

                                                                       3,law of multiple proportion;when 2 elements combine to form 2 different compounds,the masses of the element combined with the same mass of the other element will be in small whole number ratio..

                                                                     

                                                                         4,gay lussac's law of gaseous volumes; gases always combine by th same volume to form the same compound given temperature nd pressure are same for all gases in the reaction...

                                                                          5,avogadro's law; gases at same temperature nd pressure contains same no. of particles...

Fire Fly nd Glowing.....

                                                                         There are so many myths about the glowing of glow flies at night...but excavating to its chemistry 1 sees themselves in a extraordinary shelf of the subject...the glowing is due to the presence of a chemical called luciferin(light-bringer) in the guts of these flies which gets oxidized in the presence of O2 to oxyluciferin nd energy in the form of light in the presence of luciferase enzyme..the light produced is known as cold light as it doesn't contain any infrared or uv components...its efficiency is almost 100% while the most efficientiancy of a most efficient LED light is just only about 22%...see that when nature does it,it does it in style............the glowing has so many uses from catching preys to attracting mates... structure of fire fly luciferin is as follows.......

FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY..

                                                              Since chemistry deals with a wide variety of branches.it should be learned with utmost carefulness....For any subject,studying its basics is the the primary step..Here ,for chemistry,the basics are much simpler to be studied...
                                                                   First we know that chemistry deals with the study of matter,its chemical and physical properties....matter is anything which has mass nd occupies space..There are primarily 3 states of matter;solid,liquid nd gas...these 3 states differ by the energy  poccessed  by its own respective atoms/molecules...
                                                                 scientific notations/exponential notation is a system to show very large or very small figures in a suitable manner for eg:200000000000000000000 can be written in scientific notation as 2*10^20..other method is the use of significant figures as we would deal with so many minute quantities which requires precision and accuracy..in significant figures all,non zero numbers are significant..all zeros preceding non zero number is not significant..all zeros in b/w 2 non zero are significant..zeros after a non zero digit is significant if there is a decimal point after it...nd also u should knw tht counting numbers have infinite significant figures..in addition of significant figures,the result should only contain digits after the decimal point same as the least decimal point position in the adducts.. in multiplication the total no. of significant figures in the product should be equal to the least no of significant figures of the multiplying numbers... 

CINEMA...

                        

                            

                                                                           From time immemmorial,stage perfomances are smthng extraordinary for humans.By the invention of film,the trend changed to a new modern visual treat..Early movie cameras were fastened to the head of their tripod with only simple levelling devices provided. These cameras were thus effectively fixed during the course of the shot, and hence the first camera movements were the result of mounting a camera on a moving vehicle. The Lumière brothers shot a scene from the back of a train in 1896.From there,each day of the history of the world arose with smthng new in this industry....

                                                                        From vigathakumaran to the so called 'new generation film',malayalam film industry has played its part in the evolution of cinemas...cinemas excel in their properties of attaining the complete observation of the audience and pointing out least defects as it is created in the past by tremendous inculcation,cutting and retaking at necessary points...The latter categorises cinemas from stageshows where the did is done...

                                                                       Today cinema industry is 1 of the most successful industries available....most of actors make a quick buck with it...but it is necessary that we should realise its potential and use it accordingly...

                     
                                                   .........................................................................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

                                                   

CHEMISTRY..

                                                               

                                                                                 Chemistry is 1 of the classical science branches that ever been known to mankind.....When it comes to this science , all think of atoms n molecules n elements , etc...indeed chemistry deals with this all but think of a world without paper ,cement ,plastic ,etc....yup chemistry is a science so innovative in its creation that often chance experiments leads 2 new n new products........

RAIN;mystery continues........

                                                     

                                                                      Nvr thought rain would b such a pleasing,wonderful experience to sensitise..............bt with 1 arm in her hands nd the other in my pocket,i think thts th most beautiful scene tht any1 could remember in his life..........droplets of rain marching over her smooth thick hairs nd pretty little face lightening in the camera clicks by nature..OMG...frnds rain really s smthng which makes u closer with ur angel..............

rhythm of a song more thn its lyrics...............!!!

                                    U see some songs,eventhough we doesnt knw th full meaning of its lyrics,makes us to close our eyes nd enjoy its rhythm........if a rain goes in ur surroundings th enjoyment is clearly unexpressable......nw we really hav 2 think abt th success of a life.....i believe its all abt the feeling in ur mind.......i got this song lyrics for u for i didnt knw it wen i actually enjoyed it......try the song nd hope u will feel the same.......dnt worry if there is no rain......in often times a shower can do th business.......

kurukku chiRuththavaLae ennak kungumaththil karachchavaLae
nenjil manja thaechchik kuLikkayil ennak konjam poosu thaayae
un kolisukku maNiyaaga ennak konjam maaththu thaayae

(kurukku)

oru kaNNil neer kasiya udhattu vazhi usir kasiya
onnaala sila muRai iRakkavum sila muRai piRakkavum aanadhae
ada aaththoada vizhundha ela andha aaththoada poavadhu poal
nenju onnoadudhaan pinnoadudhae
ada kaalam maRandhu kaattu maramum pookkiRadhae

(kurukku)

kambanjangu vizhundha maadhiriyae kaNNukkuLLa nozhanju uRuththaRiyae

kodiyavittu kudhichcha malligaiyae oru mozhi sirichchu paesaRiyae

vaayi maela vaaya vechchu vaarththaigaLa uRinjiputta
verala vechchi azhuththiya kazhuththula koLuththiya veppam innum poagala

adi omboala sevappu illa kaNukkaal kooda karuppu illa
nee theendum idam thiththikkumae ini baakki odambum seyya vaendum baakkiyamae

(kurukku)

oru dhadava izhuththu aNachchabadi uyir moochcha niRuththu kaNmaNiyae

ommudhuga tholachchi veLiyaeRa innum konjam irukku ennavanae

mazhaiyadikkum siRu paechchu veyiladikkum oru paarva
odambu maNNil pudhaiyaRa varaiyil udan varak koodumoa

usir ennoada irukkayila nee mannoada poavadhengae
ada un saevaiyil naanillaiyaa kolla vandha maraNam koodak kuzhambumayyaa

kurukku chiruththavaLae ennak kungumaththil karachchavaLae
manja thaechchik kuLikkayil ennak konjam poosu thaayae
kolisukku maNiyaaga enna konjam maaththu thaayae

(oru kaNNil)

kurukku chiruththavaLae ennak kungumaththil karachchavaLae
nenjil manja thaechchik kuLikkayil...onnak konjam poosuvaenyaa
un kolisukku maNiyaaga enna konjam...maaththuvaenyaa

VISHU:a glorious festival of kerala

VISHU: one of my personal favorite,vishu is a celebration held in kerala announcing the arising of a new year.Vishu is celebrated with much fanfare and vigour in all parts of Kerala. It is considered a festival of light and fireworks,and decorating lights and bursting of firecrackers is part of the celebration. Other elements of Vishu include buying of new clothes (onakkodi) for the occasion, the tradition of giving money called kaineetam, and the Vishu feast or sadya, which consist of equal proportions of salty, sweet, sour and bitter items. Feast items include adapradaman, Mampazhappulissery, Vishu kanji and Vishu katta .

The most important event in Vishu is the vishukani, which literally means "the first thing seen on the day of Vishu after waking up". The Vishukkani consists of a ritual arrangement of auspicious articles intended to signify prosperity, including rice, fruits and vegetables, betel leaves, arecanut, metal mirror, yellow flowers called konna, holy texts and coins, usually in the prayer room of the house. This is arranged the night before Vishu and is the first sight seen on Vishu. On Vishu, devotees often visit temples like sabarimala Temple or guruvayoor temple to have a 'Vishukkani Kazhcha' (viewing) in the early hours of the day.

                                                                              For a malayali,vishu is the deciding factor of his/her next 1 year.Its a belief more than the custom,which qualifies it 2 be 1 of the most awaited celebration on malayalam stage.No words can define the effect of vishu in a malayali except for someone whjich has the knowledge of almighty himself.